![]() Comprehensive NSCLC testing for multiple predictive markers requires the analysis of distinct biological molecules (DNA, RNA, proteins) and, therefore, the involvement of different analytical platforms (PCR, DNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, FISH). In addition to genetic examination, NSCLCs are usually subjected to the analysis of PD-L1 protein expression in order to direct the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors. There are emerging biomarkers, e.g., KRAS G12C substitutions and HER2 activating alterations, which are likely to enter NSCLC guidelines upon the approval of the corresponding drugs. The detection of EGFR, BRAF and MET mutations as well as the analysis of ALK, ROS1, RET and NTRK translocations have already been incorporated in the NSCLC diagnostic standards, and the inhibitors of these kinases are in routine clinical use. Molecular testing has become a mandatory component of the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) management.
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